Advancements Of The Middle Class - 1111 Words

Innovations grounded in industrialization paved the way for shifting lifestyle for Europeans and Americans. Between 1700 and 1830, much of America and Europe experienced a rise in innovation, propelling product design. Previously, manufacturers utilized basic tools and machinery. As a result, mass production, improved transportation and communication surfaced. There was an increased volume and variety of products. Because of the varietal increase among products, designed objects helped distinguish social hierarchy both nationally and individually. Nationally, in the sense that the object was owned by most people perhaps among the middle class. Individually, in the sense that most members of the upper class wanted objects specifically†¦show more content†¦The middle class began to own objects otherwise considered luxuries, including tea and tea tables. Tea became cheaper to produce, which was previously restricted to the powerful. â€Å"All the excitement of fashionable soc ial gatherings became bound up in one item–the tea table.† This tilt-top tea table enabled people to engage in social interaction and display their refinement, while allowing equal say in conversation. Also, â€Å"[†¦] they were being built inexpensively for a mid-level market.† Artisans collaborated with other specialists to make their jobs easier, reduce costs and raise profits. Tilt-top tea tables became a staple in American parlors. As their equity grew, the colonists desired a more fashionable household, including new structures like the aforementioned. These tables were shipped mostly everywhere in the colonies, becoming a national trend, which attests to â€Å"the form’s popularity with mid-level consumers throughout the colonies.† A tilt-top tea table was a signifier of refinement. â€Å"The popularity of tilt-top tea tables may have helped spread the consumerist impulse that made possible later increases in stylish goods.† T he desire for material objects among middle class people increased. Although during the Industrial Revolution, in America, the middle class saw an emergence, the upper class was still quite prevalent. Some objects were specifically designed for individuals of wealth. The McIntire chair, created by

Presentation Of The Philadelphia Elementary School Plan

Diversity Action Lab Dear Superintendent: I am writing this report to present the Philadelphia Elementary School plan to create a welcoming environment for Stanton Elementary students and staff. Since we are combining to become one school, our students and their families are representing many backgrounds and cultures. In Philadelphia Elementary School, we believe that diversity empowers great schools, and great communities. Thus, our vision is to create an educational and responsible environment that fosters diverse relationships among the administration, faculty, staff, students, and community. Therefore, we have to take action in the face of discrimination, and work to promote an atmosphere of acceptance. We started to create a plan to achieve equity in our school. During this process, we consulted educational professors and encouraged many stakeholders to be involved. The result is this powerful plan. Where We Are: Currently, the student body at both schools as following: Philadelphia Elementary School: †¢ 98% white †¢ 2% minority †¢ No free and reduced breakfast or lunch program Stanton Elementary School: †¢ 35% white †¢ 65% minority †¢ 49% of the students are on free and reduced lunch program †¢ After school program funded by a 21st Century Grant Our Concerns: In order to effectively serve all students, we need to understand the issues that we face when planning to combine schools: 1- We need to understand how to make school safer and welcoming for all regardless of theirShow MoreRelatedDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 PagesFirst Year Resume Book 2009-2010 ABHINAV AGRAWAL 105 Ivy Drive Apt 09 ï‚ · Charlottesville, VA 22903 ï‚ · (434) 249-7645 ï‚ · AgrawalA11@darden.virginia.edu EDUCATION Darden Graduate School of Business Administration University of Virginia Candidate for Master of Business Administration, May 2011 ï‚ · Awarded Batten Innovation Scholarship (merit-based full tuition scholarship); ï‚ · GMAT: 730; AWA: 5.5 ï‚ · Member of Finance Club, Energy Club and Darden Capital Management Club Charlottesville, VA NanyangRead MoreQuack Doctors4338 Words   |  18 Pagesto conceptualize a study that will answer the curiosity in identifying how these contexts influences and affects health care process. 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Multiple Regression and Structural Equation - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modelling. Answer: Introduction: Automotive CO2 emission is one of the major concerns in the contemporary world, where researchers and countries are trying to reduce the level of carbon emitted to the atmosphere. The main concern in reducing the emission of carbon dioxide is to protect the ozone layer, whose destruction is causing a lot of harm to the global climate change. Government and non-governmental organizations have invested much to ensure that activities and phenomena which produce more carbon dioxide among other dangerous gases embrace newer technologies. The automobile research for carbon emission is aimed to study the rate of the dangerous gas to the atmosphere. Automotive being one of the major sources of CO2, the involved parties have focused their concerns on the level of carbon a vehicle emits as a result of fuel combustion. It has been the thought of the scientists in charge of monitoring and evaluation of the acceptable emission of CO2 that vehicles should have a general limit. This force has been moved to the car manufacturers to ensure that their automotive vehicles emit the least possible amount of carbon to the environment. Policies and rules have been developed to govern the acceptable level of carbon emission into space. Automobiles are not the only producers of carbon dioxide; burning of rubber and plastics also contribute significantly to the demolition of the ozone layer. This paper will focus on analyzing automobile data that was generated based on different vehicles with their corresponding CO2 emissions among other characteristics. Moreover, I will be acting as a data analyst intern, focusing on answering some questions usi ng basic analytical methods. Overall View of CO2 Emissions Fuel Type Mean count Percent 1 233 518 47.87% 2 256 466 43.07% 3 220 35 3.23% 4 268 63 5.82% Based on the Automotive CO2 emissions data obtained from a recent study, it has been found that an average vehicle emits 250 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer. In this case, a car that is chosen at random in the population, there is a higher chance that it emits carbon dioxide amounts that are close to 250 grams per a kilometer. The data indicates that the highest level of carbon dioxide emitted by a car was 437 grams per kilometer compared to the least which was 108. However, this indicates that the most extreme levels of carbon dioxide emission per kilometer are around 430 gram per kilometer. Manufacturers of automobiles should make the carbon emission per vehicle as low as possible. This has been a hard task because they have to balance between the performance and the amount of power a car requires. The power used by a vehicle is equivalent to the amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere. This show a high variation of the CO2 emission from the average car emission, which indicates that automotive production can still be modified to produce cars that produce low amounts of carbon. Since the data is highly spread, it might be hard to use the information in predictions. The type of fuel a car uses determines the amount of carbon dioxide to be emitted after the combustion. It is also possible that a car uses a lot of fuel but is not equivalent to the amounts of carbon emitted based on the quality. Some automotive vehicle manufacturers have embraced renewable energies which have low amounts of carbon as compared to the others. This is because the differences in the fuels are based on their qualities, which is quantified in terms of carbon levels. After the analysis, it was found that cars that were using fuel type three emitted the least average amounts of carbon compared to fuel type 4, whose vehicles emitted the highest amounts. However, most individuals preferred fuel type one assuming that the data was randomly collected from the population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fuel type was related to the levels of CO2 emissions for the specific vehicles (Fox, 2015). Confidence Intervals for CO2 for different Engine Cylinders The number of cylinders that a car had also been determinants on the level of carbon dioxide would be emitted. This is because the higher the counts of cylinders indicate that the vehicles requires a lot of power, hence increased levels of combustion. More combustion indicates more emission of carbon dioxide to the environment. Based on the analysis, there has been identified a significant difference between the three groups; four (4), six (6) and eight (8) cylinders based on their emissions. Vehicles having a fewer number of cylinders in their engines seems to emit fewer amounts of CO2 compared to the others. These statistics indicate that there is a positive correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and the size of the engines. The engine size is quantified based on the number of cylinders available; whereby there are 4, 6 and 8 cylinders. Therefore, the average emission of carbon dioxide for the cars that has engines with 4 cylinders would be contained in 199.213 to 202.623 bound with a 95 percent confidence. This interval was a bit lower compared to the vehicles with 6 and 8 cylinders whose bound is 256.528 to 259.836 and 319.719 to 324.893 respectively. Therefore, if the study was repeated several times, their respective means of the carbon dioxide emission would lie within the indicated intervals 95% of the times. These inferential statistics can be used in estimating the amounts of carbon dioxide emitted by automobiles observed in the same setting. Although the automobile manufacturing seems to be produced under the same conditions, which makes it possible to generalise study over the globe irrespective of where the data originated. Proportions of Different types of Engine Cylinders Most of the vehicles in the population has vehicles with 4 cylinder engine with a proportion of 0.452, which accounts for almost half of the population. The six and eight-cylinder vehicles occupy a proportion of 0.355 and 0.193 respectively. These proportions show that most of the people in the population prefer vehicles with engines that have 4 cylinders because of their personal requirements, price constraints or even the conditions of their environment. Repetition of the study in the same setting would a generate data that at 95% confidence produces a proportion of 4 cylinder vehicles between 42.23% and 48.16%. In addition, I am confident stating that the proportion of 6 cylinders and 8 cylinders would lie within 32.64% to 38.34% and 16.96% to 21.67% respectively with a 5% error. The confidence interval for the population proportions shows the upper and lower bounds that can be obtained for the same study using the same targets. Vehicles emitting more than 350 grams per kilometre accounts for 0.0388 of the population based on the sample data. This proportion was used in estimating whether the vehicles emitting more than 350g/km constitute of 5% of the population. One proportion test was conducted and a p-value of 0.0465 was obtained an indication that the proportion of vehicles emitting more than 350 grams per kilometres were more than 5%. Therefore, the data supports that restricting vehicles emitting more than 350g/km would reduce the population of largest polluting by 5%. The proposal should be accepted to enhance the reduction of pollution by these types of vehicles in the environment (Schi, Tao, 2008). The best way to reduce pollution in the environment is by concentrating on the main contributors, which reduces by the high rate. Regression between Engine Size and CO2 Emission The emission level of engines is highly dependent on its size. There is a strong positive correlation between the size of an engine and the amount CO2 emitted, which indicates that the larger the engine, the higher the level of carbon emission. This is according to the expectation of direct relationship between the two variables. The Pearsons Correlation coefficient between the two variables; CO2 emissions and engine size are 0.8376, which shows a high level of relationship (Anderson, 2017). The size of the engine is a good indicator of the level of carbon dioxide emission for a vehicle and it can be used in a model to make predictions. Moreover, the linear relationship between engine size and carbon dioxide emission is very strong, indicating that a high number of cylinders increases emission. Therefore, the high correlation meets a regression requirement for the relationship. The size of car engine variable in the sample data set was use in model development. It was observed that 70.16% of the variations experienced in the level of carbon dioxide emission could be explained using the size of the car engine. Therefore, for every one-litre increase in the size of the engine, the level of emission would be increased by 39.594. In addition, it can be explained that engine size and the level of carbon emission for a vehicle are proportionally directly related. This model which includes the engine size as the predictor and CO2 emission as the response variable is highly significant at 5% level. Maintaining the same factors in the model, the intercept will be contained in 125.51 to 135.13 interval with a 95% confidence. Similarly, the engine size coefficient within the model will also be contained in the range 35.17 to 38.02 (Hilbe, 2013). In sampling, statistical inference and modelling, the results can only be inferred to the population that was fairly represented. According to the distribution of the data, there was not much information about cars that have engines of 1 litres size. Therefore, a lot of errors might be obtained in trying to predict the amount of carbon dioxide emitted using the model that does not adequately represent this types of cars. In this cases, this model will not be used in making prediction for cars with engine size that is not represented in the data (Seber, Lee, 2012). Appropriate Sample Size The proportion of vehicles that were emitting more than 350 grams per kilometre in the sample was 0.96. I am confident that the proportion of vehicles contributing to high levels of pollution (350 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometre) would be included in the range between 94.84% and 97.39. In addition, the average of fuel consumption for all the vehicles was 10.89 litres per 100 kilometres. The variation within the fuel consumption data from the average value was around 2.9 litres of fuel per 100 kilometres. Therefore, I am confident that if the study was repeated severally, the average usage of fuel per 100 kilometres will lie within 10.72 and 11.06 litres (Newbold, Carlson, Thorne, 2013). There are several factors that are considered in determining the size of a sample for any specific study. Some of these factors include the availability of the resources such as time, money and human resources. The nature of the study is also another main factor, which is mainly considered by professional researchers and coordinators. For instance, a study associated with rare conditions would require a large sample to enhance the chances of detecting a case. In some occasions, proportional allocation is also factored to ensure that the units are included in the population based on their distribution in the target population. Therefore, if all these factors are considered, the best sample size will be determined, which is able to provide the best results for the study (Keith, 2014). Conclusion In conclusion, carbon dioxide emission should be reduced by manufacturing cars that are more reliable and friendly to the environment. Also, the government should develop policies which instil restrictions to the acceptable levels for carbon emission for an automobile. In this way, the pollution rate will be reduced, hence creating a better environment that is conducive for every person. Based on the above analysis, it has been found that vehicles with smaller engine size emit less carbon dioxide. Therefore, manufactures should concentrate on developing smaller engines. Finally, a reliable prediction model should be developed by including data from all available different engine sizes, so that can it be used in general prediction. References Anderson, D. (2017). Modern business statistics with Microsoft excel (1st Ed.). Cenge Learning Custom P. Fox, J., 2015. Applied regression analysis and generalized linear models. Sage Publications. Hilbe, J. (2013). Methods of Statistical Model Estimation (1st Ed.). Hoboken: CRC Press. Keith, T.Z., 2014. Multiple regression and beyond: An introduction to multiple regression and structural equation modelling. Routledge. Newbold, P., Carlson, W., Thorne, B. (2013). Statistics for business and economics (1st Ed.). Boston: Pearson. Schi, N., Tao, J. (2008). Statistical hypothesis testing (1st Ed.). Singapore: World Scientific. Seber, G., Lee, A. (2012). Linear Regression Analysis (1st Ed.). Hoboken: Wiley.

Law Enforcement Today free essay sample

One of the many issues that Police Departments face today is trust, a lot Of communities have lost faith in the police department due to the immunity feeling as though they use excessive force, without assessing the situation before exerting lethal force. The fact that there has not been justice for a lot of police shootings and killings has had the communities in an uproar. Leaving a lot of the people of the communities not knowing if law- enforcement is on their side or not. Law-enforcement agencies jobs are to make sure that everyone is safe from any threat and harm.One way that local, state, and federal law-enforcement agencies in sure that safety is by interacting with the United States Department of Homeland Security known as DASH. DASH mission is to strengthen preparedness on the national level with resilience against potential incidents, whether it be chemical, cyber like the attacks from North Korea recently or terrorist attacks. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Enforcement Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Department of Homeland Security is an agency that should have Intel on any situation before it is to occur. DASH should also have ways of combating it when these threats shell arise.The only way that DASH can do their job and do it efficiently is if all awe-enforcement agencies come together to stand in the system. For example a lot of the drugs that are sold in the Ignited States come from outside of the united States, so the issue is bigger than just local police. The local police need to inform DASH so that they can combat the war on drugs. If the local police do not inform DASH of their findings there is no way that they would be able to handle the drugs being distributed through the street.Local police have jurisdiction which prohibits them from being able to go further than hat they are allowed. Of course they can let the federal agents know what is going on, but on a national scale the Department of Homeland Security can get more done. DASH need help from state, local and federal agencies to strengthen that barrier between Intel and attacks. There must be a strong trust between the agencies so that they build a bond and are able to share information amongst each other. Information that is shared between the agencies should be quick and efficient as possible in order to ensure the security of the United States. Any information that pertains to the safety of the United States should be provided to DASH so that they can investigate and act accordingly, to ensure the protection of all citizens in this country. I believe that the relationship between the law-enforcement agencies can be strengthened simply by making sure that they have a dedicated mine of communication. Maybe a database that is checked on a daily basis so that everyone is in the loop.Anything pertaining to a breach of security weather small, big or even something that may have been a prank should be sent over o DASH for further investigation. The main divide between the agencies Phil is, and will always be trust. Each agency is responsible for their part, but I do know that agencies do not want to feel as though they cannot handle issues alone. They may not want another agency to move in on them, which will make them feel like they cannot handle the job. Which can be an issue in itself if the agencies have an ego about allowing other agencies to help them with problems that they may have. Live that there should be some type f morale between all agencies so that they can band together and combat the world terrorism combo cyber-attacks that we are now facing today, and issues that we may be facing on the streets on a national level. I know that that is in a perfect world but if they can find ways to make it better it would definitely lead to a better world. Believe that there is now like a liaison between all agencies, but I know that if everyone was on the same page and knew exactly the information that was conveyed to the next party they would feel more comfortable with trusting the other agency. Law Enforcement Today free essay sample As one may correctly assume, law enforcement agencies face multiple issues in todays society. There are many stresses in police work. Much of the stress associated with police work comes from recruiting and retaining police officers. One of the chief stresses of recruitment and retention flows from the nature of our diverse societies. Both the U S. And Canada have significant ethnic populations living within their borders. In areas of each country with non-English speaking molesters, police departments stress the importance of having officers that have the ability to investigate a crime or deal with a victim in his or her native language.Further, it is a complex task to recruit police officers for diverse communities who are not only qualified, but also bring with them an awareness or connection with the community. Therefore, stress is high in departments that service significant non-native speaking populations. But as much as recruitment is an issue, so is retention of minority officers. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Enforcement Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the U. S. And Canada are majority Caucasian countries, the retention of police minority officers Is crucial. However, It isnt easy.As recently as twenty to thirty years ago, the majority of recruits to police agencies looked to make police work a career. Now, younger recruits largely do not stay In the police force for a full thirty year career. More and more, new recruits stay In police work for five to ten years on average and then move to other Jobs In the private sector. Clearly, retaining minority officers to police their ethnically diverse neighborhoods become even more of a stress to departments as fewer and fewer officers stay on the job.Almost as important as recruiting and retention are to police departments is the promotion process. Many factors determine the promotion of minority officers, such as size and influence of the local minority population, minority group political and organizational representation, affirmative action policies, slack resources, and the presence of multiple minority groups. Very often, a department will seek to promote minority officers more quickly than their white counterparts. This causes stress and friction between the competing ethnicities within the department.Another significant tresses present In police departments Is the specter of prejudice and racism. As far as our country has come In race relations over the years, racism and prejudice still exists. A police department is no different, being a microcosm of the greater population it serves. These irrational beliefs bring stress into the police station. Police officers become inculcated with these irrational beliefs through a life-long process by society, culture, racial or ethnic groups, family, friends, or peer groups. Often, the indoctrination into racism or prejudice comes from multiple sources.Not only do the individual attitudes of racism and prejudice cause stress within the police department. Changing these attitudes is also stressful. As we can see, recruiting efforts, prejudice, promotions, and retention of minority officers are issues that police agencies face. Very often, the alms and goals of one ethnic group directly compete and take precedence over another, very often through conscious policy. Departments need to be aware of this and seek effective ways to relieve or lessen the effects of stress of all those affected. A key element for the U. S.Department of Homeland Security is to share information with several different agencies consisting partnership among federal, state, and local agencies to ensure national security. The DASH and DOC provide more than a dozen homeland security related information sharing systems. Since the 9/1 1 attacks there is a need for better information sharing, between, law enforcement, emergency management, and intelligence agencies. Law enforcement who utilize the homeland security information system on a regular basis, tend to be more aware of potential threats versus those who do not access the information system at all.The efforts to fight the war on terrorism need to be more coordinated. Many police departments are not staffed with officers that possess the training or knowledge that would help in the fight against terrorism. The federal government needs to step in and assist in the development of the local agencies. Police agencies need to be able to respond to attacks and cannot do so without the proper training. That being said police departments need to have long term goals in mind when recruiting officers with the right skills that will assist with mom land security duties. Law Enforcement Today free essay sample Today university of Phoenix soon-queen Gerbils The individuals that work in the field of law enforcement today are presented with issues and concerns unlike any faced by those of the past. The changing face of crimes and criminal activity In this country and around the world are at the root of many of these challenges. In this country, the most significant Issue Is the shift to a more multicultural society. There are also concerns regarding police corruption, use of deadly force, racial profiling and the Job hazards of policing in an increasingly dangerous world.The way police agencies enforce the laws and work to provide a safe environment to those they serve has perhaps never been more complex than it is today. The new threat of terrorism only exacerbates the Issues and adds a new element to an already difficult situation for law enforcement officials In America. The United States today is full of citizens from a number of different ethnic backgrounds and different religious and cultural beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Enforcement Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In any field where your Job is to provide a service to the public, it is important to have a basic understanding of the people you serve.The same Is true for those who work in law enforcement, but because of the nature of their duties, it Is an Issue for serious concern. The multicultural shift in America means that there Is more representation of various minority groups, all of whom have differing historic relations with those in law enforcement, and often times an unfavorable one. Whether these groups are newly represented in American society or have been part of the society for generations, most often there is a history of unfair or unequal treatment under the law that is difficult for parties on both sides of the issue to overcome.This lies at the core of the problems with police-community relations (PC). In order to serve the public to the best of their abilities, those whove taken the oath to do so need Involvement from the community they represent, a community that seems to be ever changing. The idea of providing new training and policies to address the concerns of the sworn officers, and the public at large, In regards to ethnic understanding Is growing. Many officials In the position of management have adopted training procedures to help address the concerns of both the officers they employ and the general public they river.The importance of this cant be underestimated. Policing in America today has grown to be a global issue with the spread of terrori sm. Law enforcement agencies on the local, state and federal level have a new reliance on one another in the fight against terrorist activity and having an understanding of the changing culture around them Is vital at all levels. Never before, in the history of law enforcement In this country, has there been such a comprehensive collaboration between the three The world as we know it changed on September 1 1, 2001 and that change is still occurring today.Anti-terrorism efforts are no longer limited to agencies on the federal level. In the wake of 9/1 1, the federal government formed the Homeland Security Agency whose prime objective is to protect the country from possible terrorist acts. The process of gathering intelligence regarding terrorism is global. British intelligence relies on shared intelligence from the U. S. And vice versa. It therefore only makes sense to include state and local authorities as well. Over recent years, officials have taken a more proactive approach on these levels by providing nit-terrorism training to local and state law enforcement officers.The officials in the department of Homeland Security now work more closely with state and local departments in anti-terrorism initiatives because they realized that in most instances, these departments are the first line of defense. The changes in the NYPD following the 9/1 1 attacks signaled the beginning of a national network of law enforcement agencies working together in the fight against terrorism. In response to this new domestic threat, training programs have been implemented o educate officers on the state and local levels on how to help prevent attacks from terrorists.But another important element of the fight is how to respond should an attack occur. The local and state authorities must have the knowledge required to help stabilize the community after an attack. Their efforts also entail coordinating evacuations and providing initial emergency medical care. The anti-terrorism initiatives have also become part of a how a law officer goes about performing his or her daily tasks. Many agencies assign officers to patrol possible targets such as important landmarks, transportation systems such as trains and ports of entry, and also nuclear power plants.An increased police presence is visible at places where large crowds gather for public events like sporting events, parades and public speeches. Any intelligence the local agency obtains is shared with officials in Homeland Security, and any intelligence Homeland Security gains with respect to a specific municipality, it is shared with that police department as well. Today, the face of the criminal and the activities in which they engage has changed. So too has the procedures, practices and policies of the various law enforcement agencies around the country changed. Law Enforcement Today free essay sample As well as, give suggestions for how the relationship between DASH and police departments may be improved. There may not be the right answer to fixing the issues of law enforcement agencies, but understanding what the issues are will be the first step. Helping flex the issues in the systems and between the levels of the law enforcement agencies will help the criminal Justice system grow stronger. According to Schmeltzer (2011) the issues facing police departments in todays are corruption, on-the-job dangers, and the use of deadly force derive from the very nature of police work (p. 66). Some of the Issues are because of the risk officers take to serve and protect our communities, unfortunately there are Issues that officers take on their own. When an office choices not to do their Job with honor they may choice corruption. The abuse of police authority for personal or organizational gain (Schmeltzer. 2011 Corruption affects the entire community, the police department, and every police department worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Enforcement Today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Part of our current problems stem from the level of drugs, the new drugs that are being produced, along with the gangs and guns in our cities.Other issues that officers face are issues that some may say come with the job. On-the-Job dangers, the use of deadly force, and derive from the very nature of police work can be very dangerous. Officers put themselves on the front line every day and can be harmed by criminals who have no concern for others lives. Working in the line of duty can also put officer in harms way by risk of disease and Infected evidence and stress and fatigue. With the training and always staying aware of the officers environment, they can help to protect themselves.Each member of the law enforcement Is grouped In a level, with these levels working together Issues can be addressed. When there is good communication and work together more can be do against crime. Our local and county police in todays society role is to serve and protect the citizens in the communities. Our state police are responsible for their gaming commissioning, wildlife protection, and political corruption. Federal law enforcement focus on the larger issues such as immigration, drugs and human trafficking, and gun smuggling. The U. S. Apartment of Homeland Security (DASH) is an agency through the federal government.Our local, state, and federal state law enforcement agencies are working together to assist in the prevention of crime with terrorist. As part of its commitment to hometown security, DASH has worked to get tools, information, and resources out of Washington, D. C. And Into the hands of our federal, state, local, tribal and territorial law enforcement partners (Homeland Security, 2014). Our text says, In todays post-9/11 world, local police departments play an especially Important role In espousing to the challenges of terrorism (Schmeltzer, 201 1 According to be paramount in any national, state, or local security strategy.For too long, federal strategies have minimized the importance of prevention, focusing instead on response and recovery (p. 198). With the local, state, and federal law enforcement working with the Department of Homeland Security there has been progression in the prevention against terrorist. To keep all the levels and departments of law enforcement working together will not only help with terrorist but with all crime that s committed in the United States. There are a couple of suggestions for improving the relationships between the U. S. Department of Homeland Security and police departments. There should be agents from DASH that come to higher terrorist rate areas to interact with the police department helping inform them. They can also get more information being there instead of reading reports. This should also go vice versa, members from the police department should spend time at the DASH offices to get a better understanding of how it is ran and how they can help.As the times hang in the world today the law enforcement agencies have to change with it to stay ahead of criminals. Working on the issues and doing the best they can to overcome them and to learn the safest ways to work with them can only improve the officers. There are many different types of crimes out there and different agencies need to work together, Just like how they support the DASH on terrorist. Moving agents or officers around to experience and learn new techniques or strategies can only help to improve what the criminal Justice system does for America.

Youth, Crime, and Violence

Youth, Crime, and Violence Introduction Written by Rodrigo Bascunan and Christian Pearce, the book Enter the Babylon System: Unpacking Gun Culture from Samuel Colt to 50cent is a fiction book that attempts to give an insider view on the situation of gun culture in the American society. The violent gun culture in society has become one of the biggest talking points for leaders at different levels who are either supporting or opposing it.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Youth, Crime, and Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book therefore explains why the gun culture has become a runaway problem by trying to link it to the popular hip-hop culture, which is believed to be a catalyst to the present-day gun violence culture in society. Therefore, the writers of this book give the perspectives of the issue from an insider point of view and hence their choice of the title Enter the Babylon System: Unpacking Gun Culture from Samuel Colt to 50cent. With this hint in mind, the paper therefore reviews the book in details based on the link between the authors’ career and content in an attempt to unveil their sole message that the issue of associating gun shootings with hip-hop is not always true. The Content of the Book and the Authors’ Career Rodrigo Bascunan and Christian Pearce who are the co-authors of the book under review are accomplished journalists and owners of Pound (the hip-hop music and culture magazine). Pound is rated the top most hip-hop culture and music magazine in Canada. Bascunan and Pearce (2007) therefore have an in-depth and authoritative opinion about the hip-hop world specifically how it operates and its relation with the gun violence culture. They therefore come out to paint an unknown picture about the hip-hop culture and its link with guns by dispelling beliefs that hip-hop escalates gun violence in society. The authors write this book from a Canadian perspective, which has embr aced hip-hop music and culture like the American society. The book is written as a defence for the hip-hop society, which has come under a lot of attack from old members of the society as well as those who do not appreciate the hip-hop culture.Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the authors are people who mix with hip-hop artistes daily thus having the experience of real situations as they happen on the ground. The writers have done the writing of this book in an honest way in that there are no denials to accusations about hip-hop culture and gun violence. They have put facts on the table for readers to judge for themselves. Review Based on Content only The book has been written in defence of the hip-hop culture due to the accusations pointed at it as being the cause of gun violence in society. It has based its story on facts about the gun culture by providing a history of the culture in the American society from the days of Samuel Colt who invented the colt pistol to artiste 50cent who glorified gun and violence in his music in the present society. The history in this case provides a comparative plane to judge the facts about gun culture and gun violence. From the authors’ perspective, it has shown that the problem with guns is a historical dilemma dating back to the 19th century. This information is compared to the history of hip-hop, which is too recent to conclude that the hip-hop culture is the cause of gun violence. The book therefore aims to exonerate hip-hop as the cause of the runaway gun madness. Recent times have been characterised by an escalation of mass shootings in school as well as in neighbourhoods thus leading to answers for the question of why the gun culture is getting out of hand. This situation has seen many people in society point a finger to the hip-hop culture as the cause without giving statistical figures to boost their accusations. In fact, as an industry and culture, hip-hop has embraced gun culture in a big way. Because of its visibility, it has come out as the main culprit in the eyes of society. As Bascunan and Pearce (2007) found, researchers could not give any figures that could conclusively pin down the culture as the main problem. Hip-hop is about expression, bragging, and glorification.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Youth, Crime, and Violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One way of bragging and self-glorification is to be tough. The book strategically brings out guns as the best weapons for self-defence and elimination of perceived enemies. Just as the rest of the gangsters accomplish their missions, hip-hop has been sucked into the ideas of killing for one to be perceived as being tough thus bringing guns into hand. The writers therefore admit that hip-hop has had its role in this problem. Howe ver, their point of departure is that hip-hop is just part of the problem and not the main cause of the problem. The chapters in the book are short and easy to read because they have been presented in a very simple language. They give a blow-to-blow narration that captivates the reader of the book to reading it to the end. Bascunan and Pearce wrote the book on a basis of credible research that brought together data derived from different fields. The composition of the book includes stories of hip-hop artistes as reported in the media, the history of the gun, lyrics from hip-hop songs, interviews by hip-hop artistes, and society in general (Bascunan and Pearce 2007). The writers give the story a new bend by delving into the world of guns broadly. The book explores the manufacture and distribution of guns in society. In the end, it points out that a few who are known to governments and ones who escape without blame from society do the distribution of guns. The book therefore points to a direction where people do not look at. There are so many guns in society so far that seem to appear from nowhere. The society is bended on blaming proliferation of guns on the hip-hop culture though it does not look further to find out the true sources of guns. The two writers have endeavoured to gather credible information on matters to do with where guns are manufactured, the reason behind the manufacture, and their distribution process. Besides, they have also sought information on people who engage in this risky venture of gun production in an attempt to disapprove the claim that hip-hop fanatics have a connection with gun ownership and misuse.Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The book paints the gun problem in society as an infectious problem that does not just affect the Canadian society but also the whole world. It goes ahead to show how guns are being used in society today by the military, police, and rebels in conflict areas as well as unlicensed criminals ruling the streets. The authors have made it simple for readers to understand guns by defining the difference in different guns. According to Bascunan and Pearce (2007), the Canadian society lays the blame on America for the proliferation of firearms into the Canadian society besides going ahead to show how the problem is home-grown as much as it has been influenced by the American hip-hop culture. The book names some of Canada’s own home-grown gun makers who are responsible for supplying guns to society. Though licensed gun owners acquire most guns legally, somehow, guns enter wrong hands in one way or the other. The authors name the National Rifle Association as one group that does not liv e to its intentions. They describe the group as people with borderline psychotic intentions due to their ultra campaigns to legalise guns into civilian hands regardless of the misuse of guns. Bascunan and Pearce have been very meticulous in defining most sources that inspire violence. They direct readers to video games as sources of inspiration that have created some of the worst mass shootings in society. Most video games that are on the market nowadays are based on war games involving virtual guns. A DVD or VCD player offers a variety of choices to make on the type of weapon to display. In most cases, the weapons used on the game are actually the same make of real weapons found in the market. Therefore, regardless of age, video games tend to expose society indiscriminately to information on a variety of weapons that can be found in the market. The authors tend to point this exposure as the source of most mass shootings in schools. White students who have no links to hip-hop mostly do it. Whereas shootings happen in neighbourhoods where they are said to be connected to hip-hop, there are more criminal elements to it than the cause being the hip-hop. The writers merge their views by providing real life stories of young men who were shot in the streets. Although the men were hip-hop artistes or fans, their murders were more to do with drugs and gang rivalry than to do with hip-hop. The authors concede that hip-hop culture has so much embraced the gun culture and violence that it is not easy to separate the two. The difference is only to be found in findings that indicate that only few hip-hop fans worldwide are involved with gun violence. The writers have therefore gained ground in their pursuit of exonerating hip-hop from all the blame in gun violence. This goal has been achieved by the authors’ effort to interview a whole host of stakeholders who may have a role to play in the whole issue in one way or the other. Conclusion Rodrigo Bascunan and Christi an Pearce have come out in their best way possible to defend the industry that earns them their daily bread. They have achieved their purpose in pointing to society the direction it should look at when trying to solve the gun problem issue. By being brutally honest and admitting that hip-hop has played its role in escalating gun violence culture, the authors have been able to capture readers’ trust through this strategy. The authors have done a comprehensive research on the gun problem around the world in a bid to present it as a universal problem that cannot be blamed on the hip-hop culture alone. Otherwise, the book is an informative piece of work. Reference Bascunan, R Pearce, C 2007, Enter the Babylon System: Unpacking Gun Culture from Samuel Colt to 50 Cent, Vintage Canada, Toronto.

ASSESSMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ASSESSMENT - Essay Example Non-conventional types of dividend payments, particularly share repurchases are in most cases used currently, and therefore, the dividend decision is much more multifaceted and complex than it was in the past. In addition, there are more significant types of shareholders who should be satisfied today-particularly institutional investors-while managers once merely have to satisfy individual stockholders. Therefore, n increase in the dividend payout is taken to be good news. The company is showing that it not only has positive cash flows, however these cash flows are rising sufficiently to validate an elevated payout to shareholders. The company â€Å"proves† its cash flow by paying out some of that cash to its shareholders. This means that higher dividends might indicate lasting greater earnings for the company. How this argument has been contradicted that the dividend policy is irrelevant. It is for this reason that this paper will examine on the fact that company's dividend p olicy is irrelevant to its market value. ... i-Miller (M&M) theorem, (Irrelevancy Theory) (1961) forwarded by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller, influences the base for modern view on capital structure, although it is usually perceived as merely scholarly because it presumes away numerous significant elements in the capital structure decision. The theorem argues that, in a perfect market, the value of a firm is irrelevant to how that firm is funded. This outcome offers a basis used to study real global reasons why capital structure is appropriate. These other reasons comprise agency costs, bankruptcy costs, information asymmetry, taxes among others. The theorem has been used to show that dividend is irrelevant to firm’s market share. Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM) under their theory argued that in perfect financial markets (no transactions costs certainty, no taxes, or other market imperfections), the value of a company is impacted by the allotment of dividends. They claim that company’s value is mainl y driven the prospective income and risk of its investments, therefore, maintaining income or paying them to the shareholders in dividends does not affects its value (Grullon et al 2002). MM through its theory indicated that provided the company is attaining the returns anticipated by the market, it does not matter whether the returns is directed to the stockholder as individuals currently, or reinvested. They would perceive it in terms of dividend or price appreciation. Therefore, in this case the shareholder can develop their individual dividend through selling the stock when they need cash (Lie 2000). They qualified their argument through this calculation: V t = 1/1+rt[Dt+Vt+1-m t+1P t+1] Where rt = Discount rate Dt = Total Dividends Paid V t+1 = Firm Value @ t+1 = ntP t+1 M t+1P t+1 = Amount

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

1 - Assignment Example There has to be accurate harmonization between jobs as well as vertical smooth communication amongst job levels in order to obtain inter-functional coordination. The meaning of this is that the management of an organization must be used to gaps of employment such as shortages, surplus, or even deficiencies in between levels of jobs as well as job categories. (Zeiger, 2014) For this to be achieved there is the requirement for knowledge of, as well as control over the workforce elements as well as their individual connections. If decisions are to be made in the absence of such inter- connections linked between job levels as well as job categories, the outcome will be a labor force which is disgustingly out of balance in terms of moreover a qualitative sense or a quantitative sense. The decisions that are made for the adjustment of gaps of employment are dependent on, together the external sources of employment as well as the internal sources of employment. For instance, if decisions are poorly conceived, the outcome could be the impossibility of promoting from within caused by understaffing. Another reason for this could be absence of employee training at certain job levels or in certain job categories (Zeiger, 2014). The lack of ability to promote from the inside is a clear implication of additional expenditure for the firm caused by requirement of external recruitment as well as the lack of progression for the employees in the organization. Decisions on job categories and levels are critical to the conduct as well as results of the HRP since they are a way to achieve the goals o the organization. Their absence is likely to lead to a workforce that is imbalanced. In addition, they help cut costs of the organization through internal recruitment and create employee